[3], After the war, the military jury charged General Cogny – who ordered the Dien Bien Phu garrison to surrender from his base in Hanoi – for the operation's failure as the "emergency column" GCMA was parachuted too late. "[129] A summary of material declassified in 2004 states that, The declassified record shows that Secretary of State Henry Kissinger was briefed on Condor and its "murder operations" on August 5, 1976, in a 14-page report from [Harry] Shlaudeman [Assistant Secretary of State]. When democracy was restored in Uruguay in 1984, the couple was released. Alexei Jaccard and Ricardo Ramírez were "disappeared," and a support network to the Communist party was dismantled in Argentina in 1977. They were kidnapped on 9 August 1976, at the corner of calle Arribeños and Virrey del Pino, by 40 armed SIDE agents, who blocked the street with their Ford Falcons. A declassified CIA document dated 23 June 1976, explains that "in early 1974, security officials from Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Bolivia met in Buenos Aires to prepare coordinated actions against subversive targets."[19]. Bernardo Leighton and his wife were severely injured by a failed assassination attempt on Oct. 6, 1975, after settling in exile in Italy. Opération Condor, un film de Jackie Chan et Frankie Chan AlloCiné Ex. According to Sassi, the heading commandos were only a few dozens of kilometers from Éliane. Condor's key members were Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Brazil, later joined by Ecuador and Peru. Lilian and Universindo's later testimony revealed that four officers of the secret Uruguayan Counter-information Division;– two majors and two captains;– took part in the operation with the consent of Brazilian authorities. [127], In June 1999, by order of President Bill Clinton, the State Department released thousands of declassified documents[128] revealing for the first time that the CIA and the State and Defense Departments were intimately aware of Condor. The CIA report noted that the fundamental mission of Condor was the liquidation of "top-level terrorist leaders" as well as non-terrorist targets including "Uruguayan opposition politician Wilson Ferreira, if he should travel to Europe, and some leaders of Amnesty International." He was excommunicated in 1988. Over the course of three weeks, they drafted a cautiously worded demarche, approved by Kissinger, in which he instructed the U.S. ambassadors in the Southern Cone countries to meet with the respective heads of state about Condor. [135], On 3 August 2007, General Raúl Iturriaga, former head of DINA, was captured in the Chilean town of Viña del Mar on the Pacific coast. Condor (TV Series 2018– ) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. Condor is an American thriller television series based on the novel Six Days of the Condor by James Grady and its 1975 film adaptation Three Days of the Condor written by Lorenzo Semple Jr. and David Rayfiel starring Max Irons. He and fellow extremist Vincenzo Vinciguerra testified in Rome in December 1995 before federal judge María Servini de Cubría that DINA agents Clavel and Michael Townley were directly involved in this assassination. The cross-border conspiracy of dictatorships in the 1970s and 1980s to "eradicate 'subversion,' a word which increasingly translated into non-violent dissent from the left and center left." [145], When French Minister of Foreign Affairs Dominique de Villepin traveled to Chile in February 2004, he claimed that there had been no cooperation between France and the military regimes. On April 22 1954, General Cogny insisted with his superior General Navarre to take a decision about Condor. Some estimates are that at least 60,000 deaths can be attributed to Condor,[7] roughly 30,000 of these in Argentina,[9][10] and the Archives of Terror list 50,000 killed, 30,000 disappeared and 400,000 imprisoned. cit., pp. AlloCiné Ex. J. Patrice McSherry notes; "In the Paraguayan Archives, I found correspondence documenting similar coordination in other cases.". : Mulan , S.O.S. The Law of Immunity, passed in 1986, provided amnesty to Uruguayan citizens who had committed acts of political repression and human rights abuses under the dictatorship. "We knew fairly early on that the governments of the Southern Cone countries were planning, or at least talking about, some assassinations abroad in the summer of 1976. The reporters and the Uruguayans had identified them as taking part in the kidnapping. Fantômes : L'Héritage, Togo. Two were found not guilty. "[155], A Prominent victim of Operation Condor included former Bolivian president, Juan Torres, who was murdered in Buenos Aires. Paraguay’s government was listed only as utilizing the local press, "Patria", as its main propaganda producer. These files were from 1965, a year after the coup in Brazil, and suggest that he could have been deliberately attacked. The report also noted that a large volume of U.S. currency was seized during the combined operation. Berríos was found dead in El Pinar, near Montevideo (Uruguay), in 1995. [142], Argentine Admiral Luis María Mendía, who had theorized the practice of "death flights", testified in January 2007 before Argentine judges that a French intelligence "agent", Bertrand de Perseval, had participated in the abduction of two French nuns, Léonie Duquet and Alice Domon, who were later murdered. The United States government provided planning, coordinating, training on torture,[19] technical support and supplied military aid to the Juntas during the Johnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter, and the Reagan administrations. In March 1974, representatives of the police forces of Chile, Uruguay and Bolivia met with Alberto Villar, deputy chief of the Argentine Federal Police and co-founder of the Triple A death squad, to implement cooperation guidelines. Frequent wage freeze decrees continued to depress living standards generally, and income inequality increased. correspondence with J. Patrick McSherry, 13 February 1999. "The military-controlled governments of the Southern Cone," the document read, "all consider themselves targets of international Marxism." [59], The illegal operation failed because two Brazilian journalists, reporter Luiz Cláudio Cunha and photographer João Baptista Scalco from Veja magazine, had been warned by an anonymous phone call that the Uruguayan couple had been "disappeared." [50] It has been claimed that suspected Italian terrorist Stefano Delle Chiaie was involved in the murder as well. Opération Condor streaming HD en ligne gratuitement . CUNHA, Luiz Cláudio, Operação Condor. Mission objectives. "[24] Under this codename mission, several people were killed. )[112], According to Dinges, the FBI and the CIA were informed of their arrest. This reality, combined with a fear of leftist dissent in neighboring nations, led the government to focus on the containment of political opposition instead of on the development of its economic and political institutions. [89] In October 1991, Eugenio Berríos, a chemist who had worked with DINA agent Michael Townley, was escorted from Chile to Uruguay by Operation Condor agents in order to avoid testifying in the Letelier case. "[93] In mid-October 1976, Koch wrote to the Justice Department asking for FBI protection, but none was provided. These prosecutions were enabled by massive releases of formerly classified documents to the national Security Archive which were then used as evidence against the accused. I was very shocked by the duplicity of the French diplomatic position which, at the same time received political refugees with open arms, and collaborated with the dictatorships. Barreiro also said that the order to assassinate Goulart came from Sérgio Paranhos Fleury, head of the Departamento de Ordem Política e Social (Department of Political and Social Order) and the licence to kill came from president Ernesto Geisel. [90] The center was established in 1961 by Paul Schäfer, who was arrested in March 2005 in Buenos Aires and convicted on charges of child rape. Porto Alegre: L&PM, 2008. General Carlos Prats and his wife, Sofía Cuthbert were killed by a car bomb on 30 September 1974, in Buenos Aires, where they lived in exile. [75] As a result of the story, the Human Rights Commission of the Chamber of Deputies decided to investigate Jango's death. While Peru had no representatives at the secret November 1975 meeting in Santiago de Chile, there is evidence of its involvement. The report notes, "the formation of special teams from member countries who are to carry out operations to include assassinations against terrorist or supporters of terrorist organizations." "[20] Condor was part of this effort. Shlaudeman notes the incredible resilience that Paraguay showed against the superior military might of its neighbors during the Chaco War. She notes that torture is forbidden by the Argentine Constitution. Following continuous protests by the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo and other human rights groups, in 2003 the Argentine Congress, counting on President Nestor Kirchner and the ruling majority on both chambers full support, repealed the amnesty laws. From 1976 onwards, the Chilean DINA and its Argentine counterpart, SIDE, were the operation's front-line troops. [117], The third point of the report demonstrates the United States' understanding of Operation Condor's more nefarious operations. Gimlette, John (2005). Based on learning that the men were drinking at the time, he recommended that the Agency take no action. The State Department forced the Uruguayan government to withdraw their appointments, with the public explanation that "Fons and Gavazzo could be the objects of unpleasant publicity. Addeddate 2016-05-30 21:52:50 Identifier JackieChanOperationCondor Scanner Internet Archive HTML5 Uploader 1.6.3. plus-circle Add Review. [92], The United States backed Alfredo Stroessner's anti-communist military dictatorship[3] and played a "critical supporting role" in the domestic affairs of Stroessner's Paraguay. Operation Condor, which took place in the context of the Cold War, had the tacit approval of the United States. A few days later, officials arranged for the Celiberti's children to be taken to their maternal grandparents in Montevideo. In Buenos Aires, Georges Grasset maintained links with Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, founder of the Society of St. Pius X in 1970. [155], Chilean judge Juan Guzmán, who had arraigned Pinochet at his return to Chile after his arrest in London, started prosecution of some 30 torturers, including former head of the DINA Manuel Contreras, for the disappearance of 20 Chilean victims of the Condor plan. One propaganda piece created by Chile entitled, "Chile after Allende," was distributed amongst the governments acting under Condor. [134] According to the French newspaper L'Humanité, the first cooperation agreements were signed between the CIA and anti-Castro groups, and the right-wing death squad Triple A, set up in Argentina by Juan Perón and Isabel Martínez de Perón's "personal secretary" José López Rega, and Rodolfo Almirón (arrested in Spain in 2006). The DIA noted that Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile were already fervently conducting operations, mainly in Argentina, against leftist targets. First released in 1991 as "Armour of God 2: Operation Condor," Hong Kong action-film phenomenon Jackie Chan's latest assault on domestic audiences is one of the superb showman's best efforts. As there are others wanting the gold, lots of kung fu fighting and comedy follows. [36] Southern Cone Operation Condor resulted in up to 50,000 killed; 30,000 "disappeared"; and 400,000 arrested and imprisoned. Porto Alegre: L&PM, 2008. Reynaldo Bignone received a sentence of 20 years in jail. Njut av allt de bästa nya filmversionerna med alla dina favoritfilmgenre !. Giscard d'Estaing et Messmer pourraient être entendus sur l'aide aux dictatures sud-américaines", RAPPORT FAIT AU NOM DE LA COMMISSION DES AFFAIRES ÉTRANGÈRES SUR LA PROPOSITION DE RÉSOLUTION (n° 1060), tendant à la création d'une commission d'enquête sur le rôle de la France dans le soutien aux régimes militaires d'Amérique latine entre 1973 et 1984, PAR M. ROLAND BLUM, Argentine : M. de Villepin défend les firmes françaises, Disparitions : un ancien agent français mis en cause, Astiz llevó sus chicanas a los tribunales, "European spies sought lessons from dictators' brutal 'Operation Condor, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-15472396d, "20 års fengsel for argentinsk eksdiktator", "Former Uruguayan president sentenced to 30 years", State Terrorism and Neoliberalism: The North in the South, The Pinochet File: A Declassified Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability, When States Kill: Latin America, the U.S., and Technologies of Terror, Predatory States: Operation Condor and Covert War in Latin America, "Derechos Humanos y Desaparecidos en Dictaduras Militares" (Human Rights and the Disappeared of the Military Dictatorships), The Condor Years – How Pinochet and His Allies Brought Terrorism to Three Continents, Ed Koch Threatened with Assassination in 1976, How Paraguay's 'Archive of Terror' put Operation Condor in focus, Operation Condor Trial Tackles Coordinated Campaign by Latin American Dictatorships to Kill Leftists, Argentina begins prosecution of military-era human rights abuses, Fight of the Condor: uncovering South America's shame – in pictures, The United States Declassification Project on Argentina, The CIA's Secret Global War Against the Left, 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine, North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972, Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union, Sovereignty of Puerto Rico during the Cold War, Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States, American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation, Vincent Nichols § Acknowledgement of adoption controversy, Salzburg Protestants § Defereggen Valley expulsion, St. Thomas–St. The military governments of both Brazil and Uruguay were embarrassed. They assassinated Chilean General Carlos Prats, former Uruguayan MPs Zelmar Michelini and Héctor Gutiérrez Ruiz, as well as the ex-president of Bolivia, Juan José Torres, in Buenos Aires. Gutiérrez Contreras, J.C. y Villegas Díaz, Myrna. "[115] The report recommended that U.S. policy towards Operation Condor should emphasize the differences between the five countries at every opportunity, to depoliticize human rights, to oppose rhetorical exaggerations of the "Third-World-War" type, and bring the potential bloc-members back-into our cognitive universe through systematic exchanges.[25]. Få ledig titta på film på nätet med enkelt fylla i registreringsformuläret. In 2010, Bordaberry was convicted of violating the constitution, nine counts of "forced disappearance" and two counts of political homicide and sentenced to 30 years. Allies", https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB416/docs/0000A02E.pdf, "Italia confirma cadena perpetua para Morales Bermúdez por plan Cóndor", "La dictadura cívico-militar en Uruguay (1973-1985): aproximación a su periodización y caracterización a la luz de algunas teorizaciones sobre el autoritarismo", Informe final de la Comisión para la Paz (2003), https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/12/world/americas/argentina-dictatorship-cia-documents.html, New Times (Broward-Palm Beach, FL, 11 de agosto de 2005), "Automotores Orletti el taller asesino del Cóndor", Proyecto Desaparecidos: Notas: Operación Cóndor Archives, http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB125/condor05.pdf, Department of Defense Intelligence Information Report, "Communication From Ambassador Hill for ARA Acting Assistant Secretary", "Kissinger backed dirty war against left in Argentina", "Kornbluh / Dinges Letter to Foreign Affairs", "How Much Did the US Know About the Kidnapping, Torture, and Murder of Over 20,000 People in Argentina? (10) BOCCIA PAZ, Alfredo et al., op. [148] Alfredo Astiz, a marine known as the "Blond Angel of Death" because of his torture, also referred to the "French connection" at his trial. Analyzing the political repression in the region during that decade, Brazilian journalist Nilson Mariano estimates the number of killed and missing people as 2,000 in Paraguay; 3,196 in Chile; 297 in Uruguay; 366 in Brazil; and 30,000 in Argentina. The intention was for the agencies to act in a coordinated fashion against subversives within member countries in Europe.[151]. [141] It was located in the offices of the chief of staff of the Argentine Army. These governments to shared information and violently repressed suspected left-wing subversives. It started about a year before the "terror archives" were found in Paraguay. Armour of God (Chinese: 龍兄虎弟; also known as Operation Condor 2: The Armour of the Gods in the United States) is a 1986 Hong Kong action-comedy film written and directed by Jackie Chan, who also starred in the film.The film co-stars Alan Tam, Lola Forner and Rosamund Kwan.. The same report described Condor's "joint counterinsurgency operations" that aimed to "eliminate Marxist terrorist activities"; Argentina, it noted, created a special Condor team "structured much like a U.S. Special Forces Team. During the Battle of Algiers, police forces were put under the authority of the French Army, and in particular of the paratroopers. ?, Aldo Sanchez, ?? The human rights problem is a growing one. From the perspective of the government in Paraguay, the victory against its neighbors over the course of several decades justified the lack of development in the nation. [67] Although Universindo and Lilian identified the Uruguayan military men who had arrested and tortured them, not one was prosecuted in Montevideo. It was suspended. Your Ambassador can apprise you. : Mulan , S.O.S. Vintage Books. "[19] US officials were aware of what was going on. Finde 20 Ähnliche Filme zum Film Extraction - Operation Condor von Steven C. Miller mit Bruce Willis, Kellan Lutz, wie . The Movement for Justice and Human Rights and the President João Goulart Institute have requested a document referring to the Uruguayan Interior Ministry saying that "serious and responsible Brazilian sources" talked about an "alleged plot against the former Brazilian president. There they kidnapped Universindo Rodriguez and Lilian Celiberti, an activist Uruguayan couple of the political opposition, along with her two children, Camilo and Francesca, five and three years old. Se på Armour of God II: Operation Condor Film på Nätet - High Definition nu. In 1968, U.S. General Robert W. Porter stated that "in order to facilitate the coordinated employment of internal security forces within and among Latin American countries, we are... endeavoring to foster inter-service and regional cooperation by assisting in the organization of integrated command and control centers; the establishment of common operating procedures; and the conduct of joint and c… This new force operated in other member's countries in secrecy. Chilean appeals court judge Nibaldo Segura refused extradition in July 2005 on the grounds that they had already been prosecuted in Chile.

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